Explanation:

Fluid therapy must be individualized to meet the specific needs of the neonate. •Following birth, fluid from the extracellular space enters into the intracellular space expanding it •This increase in the extracellular fluid volume acts on the neonatal kidneys eventually resulting in a salt and water diuresis by 48-72 hours. •The term neonate can excrete urine with a concentration up to 600 mOSm/kg water, the preterm neonate is limited to 300–400 mOsm/kg- water •Loss of this excess ECW results in physiological weight loss in the first week of life. •Term infants usually loose up to 10% of their birth weight as compared to 15% weight loss in premature neonates. •Significant evaporative water losses occur through the skin inversely proportional with birth weight and gestational age. •The extremely small, preterm infants have relatively high IWL due to an increased ratio of surface area to body weight, immature skin with a developing stratum corneum and greater skin blood flow •In Very preterm neonates, initial total fluid starts around 80-100 mL/kg/day, increasing daily by 10-20 mL/kg/day up to 150 mL/kg/day. •Fluid requirements will increase in neonates having a fever, undergoing phototherapy or is receiving ventilatory supports.